
VIP
VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide)
Also called vasoactive intestinal peptide, aviptadil, VIP peptide
A natural hormone trialled in hospital as aviptadil
VIP is a hormone the body makes, found in the gut, lungs and nervous system, where it widens blood vessels and calms inflammation. As a drug it is called aviptadil and has been trialled in hospital for severe lung failure. The nasal spray marketed for mould illness is a different use with no trial behind it.
A hormone the body already makes, working in the gut, lungs and nerves, where it widens blood vessels and damps inflammation. As a hospital drug it is called aviptadil and has been through randomised trials for severe lung failure. The nasal spray marketed for mould illness is the same molecule used a completely different way, with no controlled trial behind it.
- Half-life
- 1 to 2 minutes
- Route studied
- Intravenous infusion (hospital trials)
- Status
- Not FDA-approved
Early research, mostly in the lab so far
8,369 papers · 111 clinical trials
What VIP has been studied for
The reasons people look it up, roughly in order of how often, and what research exists for each. Interest in a use is not evidence that it works; the evidence is stated under each one.
- Severe lung injury
- Where it has actually been trialled, as intravenous aviptadil in hospitalised patients with respiratory failure.
- Mould illness and CIRS
- The reason most people search for it, as a nasal spray. This use has no controlled trial behind it.
Mechanism of Action
How VIP works
VIP is a hormone the body already makes, working in the gut, lungs and nerves, and its general instruction is to calm things down.
It widens blood vessels. It relaxes the smooth muscle lining your airways. It tells immune cells to ease off rather than escalate, damping the inflammatory signals that drive swelling and damage. It is one of the body's own de-escalation signals.
Why it is difficult to use as a drug
It is destroyed within a couple of minutes of entering the bloodstream. That is fine for a signal meant to act locally and stop, and awkward for a drug meant to work for hours.
That single fact shapes everything about how it is actually used in medicine. Where it has been given seriously, as a drug called aviptadil for patients in respiratory failure, it went in as a continuous drip in hospital, with monitoring, because a vasodilator that drops blood pressure is not something to administer casually.
The gap worth knowing about
Most people searching for this are not looking for an intensive care drug. They are looking at a nasal spray marketed for mould illness and chronic inflammatory conditions.
Those two things share a molecule and almost nothing else. The trials were intravenous, in hospital, in critically ill patients. The nasal spray use has no controlled trial behind it at all. VIP does have thousands of published papers, and nearly all of them are basic biology of the hormone rather than evidence for using it.
VIP side effects: what studies reported
VIP widens blood vessels, which is where nearly everything reported comes from.
Most commonly reported
- Flushing and feeling warm
- Light-headedness on standing, from blood pressure dropping
- Nasal irritation or a runny nose with the spray
- Loose stools
- Headache
Worth keeping an eye on
- Blood pressure sitting lower than usual, which matters if it is already on the low side
- Diarrhoea, since VIP drives fluid secretion in the gut
Dose-related findings. Its blood-pressure effects are dose-related, which is why hospital trials gave it with monitoring.
Source: Reports outside trials, largely nasal, plus the pharmacology and the hospital trials of aviptadil. This is a summary of published findings, not a complete safety profile and not medical advice. Questions about VIP belong with a licensed clinician who knows your history.
Your Genetics & VIP
The genes involved in how VIP works
VIP works through the receptors these genes build, and the genes vary from person to person. Researchers have linked some of that variation to differences in how people respond. A DNA report tells you which versions you carry.
NLRP3 · ••
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a central driver of inflammation, and this variant has been studied for its association with inflammatory conditions. No study has tested whether it changes response to VIP.
TNF · ••
The -308 promoter variant has been associated with higher TNF-alpha production in A-allele carriers and studied in inflammatory disease. That describes an inflammatory background, not a response to VIP.
IL10 · ••
IL-10 is the body's own anti-inflammatory brake, and this promoter variant has been associated with differences in IL-10 production. Pathway context only; untested with VIP.
The dots after each gene are where your own result goes. Your report fills them in with the two letters you carry at that position.
Which of these variants do you carry?
Your report reads the DNA file you already have against this research.
Often discussed alongside
Compounds that come up next to VIP in research and discussion. Each has its own page. None of this is a suggestion to combine them.

KPV
also studied for inflammationEmerging EvidenceKPV (Lys-Pro-Val)
A three-amino-acid fragment snipped off the end of a hormone your body already makes. Almost every page describes it as switching on a melanocortin receptor; the research fairly clearly says it does not. What it appears to do instead is more interesting, and it is why nearly all the data are about the gut rather than skin. No human study of KPV has been published.
4
Gene variants
15+
Studies
Access
Access and legal status
VIP is not an FDA-approved drug. Products sold online as “research chemicals” are labelled not for human use, and FDA treats them as unapproved drugs when they are marketed for people. We don't link to any seller, and nothing on this page is a recommendation to obtain or use it.
Your DNA and VIP: see which of the variants studied alongside it you carry, and what that research does and does not show. Read my DNA, $99 →
Educational information only, not medical advice. Most peptides are not FDA-approved. Do not start, stop or change any medication or peptide because of this page; talk to a licensed clinician.
Worth knowing about VIP
Interactions and situations where there is a specific reason to be careful. Where the honest answer is that nobody has studied something, it says so and says what that leaves open.
- The trialled use and the sold use are not the same
- Intravenous aviptadil in an intensive care unit and a nasal spray marketed for mould illness share a molecule and nothing else. Route, dose, setting and monitoring all differ, and results from one say nothing about the other.
- It widens blood vessels, so blood pressure can drop
- This is its core action rather than a side effect. In hospital use it is given with monitoring for exactly that reason. Flushing and a fall in blood pressure are the expected effects of a vasodilator.
- It breaks down very quickly
- Natural VIP has a half-life of a couple of minutes in blood, which is the central problem with using it as a drug and the reason the hospital trials used continuous infusion.
The evidence behind VIP
The 8,000-plus papers on VIP are mostly basic biology of a natural human hormone, not evidence for taking it. Separate two things. As a hospital drug called aviptadil it has been through real randomised trials, including a large one for COVID respiratory failure published in Lancet Respiratory Medicine. As a nasal spray for mould illness and chronic inflammatory response syndrome, which is what most people are looking for, there is no controlled trial at all, only clinic protocols.
The literature, counted
Counted in PubMed on 3 August 2026 for vasoactive intestinal peptide. Every figure links to the search that produced it, so you can re-run it. “Tagged human” is not the same as a human trial: that tag also covers work on human cells and reviews discussing people, which is why the trial count is given separately.
Studied in people
2 of 2The only kind that directly answers whether it works in humans.Lancet Respiratory Medicine · 2023
HumanIntravenous aviptadil and remdesivir for treatment of COVID-19-associated hypoxaemic respiratory failure: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial
Brown SM, Barkauskas CE, Grund B, et al.
A large randomised trial of VIP as a drug, run across 28 US sites in patients with respiratory failure. It is a long way from a nasal spray for fatigue.
Intravenous aviptadil and remdesivir for treatment of COVID-19-associated hypoxaemic respiratory failure: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial: source for VIP (opens in a new tab)Randomised, placebo-controlled
Read the paperCritical Care Medicine · 2022
HumanThe Use of IV Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (Aviptadil) in Patients With Critical COVID-19 Respiratory Failure: Results of a 60-Day Randomized Controlled Trial
Youssef JG, Lavin P, Schoenfeld DA, et al.
A second randomised trial in critically ill patients, adding to the hospital evidence for the intravenous form.
The Use of IV Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (Aviptadil) in Patients With Critical COVID-19 Respiratory Failure: Results of a 60-Day Randomized Controlled Trial: source for VIP (opens in a new tab)Randomised controlled · 60 days
Read the paper
Reviews
1 of 3Papers that gather other studies rather than run new ones.Every source behind this page52 more
- Structure-activity relationship of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP): potent agonists and potential clinical applicationsOnoue S, Misaka S, Yamada S · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology · 2008Review
- Role of vasoactive intestinal peptide in osteoarthritisJiang W, Wang H, Li YS, Luo W · Journal of Biomedical Science · 2016Review
Everything we cite for VIP, including preclinical work and early research. Each link goes to the source itself, so you can judge it rather than take our word for it.
Last updated · literature counts verified against PubMed on
Frequently Asked Questions
What has VIP been studied for?
As intravenous aviptadil, VIP has been tested in randomised hospital trials in patients with respiratory failure. Its nasal use for mould illness and chronic inflammatory response syndrome has no controlled trial. Most of its literature is basic biology of the natural hormone.
Do genes affect VIP response?
No study has tested whether any genotype changes response to VIP. NLRP3, TNF and IL10 variants have been associated with inflammatory traits in human studies. A DNA report can show which versions you carry and what that research does and does not show.
Is VIP an approved drug?
No. Aviptadil has been studied in trials for specific diseases, and nasal VIP is not an approved product.
Watch
What clinicians and researchers say about VIP
Your DNA and VIP
What the research says about your variants.
The report
Which VIP variants do you carry?
Your report reads the DNA file you already have against the published research on 31 peptides, marker by marker, and says what that research does and does not show.
Read my DNA, $99
